Try using a Wifi Analyzer-type of program on a laptop or a phone (such as InSSIDer, or Netgear's Wifi Analyzer app) to see what is happening with signals in the areas you're trying to serve with your router. See how crowded or congested channels are and which channels are least subject to interference.
If you are just using your computer to test speed with Ookla (e.g., Speedtest.net or any other online test that uses their engine) the results you see can be influence by more than just the settings on your router. You can already have opened other TCP connections on other client devices connected to the router that are affecting your speeds and throughput.
Since you say the slowdowns occur on wireless connections, you should first look at the connection speeds (link layer connection speed) that you are connecting to the router with your adapter. Look at the "status" of your adapter and see what the speeds showing are.
A repeater isn't going to help your speed, and in fact it will actually cut your wireless connection speed in half from what you'd otherwise get from the router (this is the case with all wireless repeaters, at least as to the wireless side of things...using a router in "repeater" mode will not have this effect on the LAN ports on the repeater, and it will function as a bridge, without any speed loss). But either way, it won't improve an already bad situation.
You should also know that the pic you posted of your CUP and RAM really won't tell you anything about your speed issue. You should instead be looking first to do a survey of the wireless signals (and potential other sources of interference) in your area. Some you may be able to change, others (such as walls, floors, basic construction materials of your environment) not.
Lastly, higher gain antennas likely won't improve your speeds. A higher gain antenna might improve your wireless range somewhat, but it also is likely to increase signal noise and attenuation, and thus actually winds up reducing overall throughput and speed.
Throwing more equipment at the issue isn't going to solve your problem. It will complicate it further, but won't solve it. The issue is to find either what the source of interference is, or to change the settings on your router, your client devices or check with your ISP to be sure that it's not an issue on their end (for example, what does your modem logs show is happening when the speed drops are noticed?