I have never setup a link aggregation for any device but was thinking about upgrading my switch to one that would support 802.3ad Bonding. Would that increase the throughput to all my other wired mesh nodes and subsequently there wired and wireless clients?
No, it can't. Unless your ISP is greater than 1Gbps and the AiMesh nodes have greater than GB Ethernet connections available on them too.
It may improve performance of a NAS (also connected with link aggregation on the switch) and wireless clients for concurrent use of more than one client if the NAS, RAID setup and HDD's can provide more than GB LAN performance on the file sizes and types you use/transfer most.