TCP throughput = peak wired throughput performance through WAN-LAN interface == simple iperf test == very large single file download between networks with nothing else happening on the networks
HTTP Score = HTTP connections scaling test == controlled DDOS test == Bittorrent or very busy office web traffic (but even more brutal)
Bufferbloat Score = saturation latency test == max download or max upload while using ping == gaming, streaming, Voip latency while Internet bandwidth maxed out
CTF Score = NAT acceleration disabled test == router CPU test == turning on most types of QoQ features and other CPU-dependent features which disable hardware acceleration forcing the router to rely on its CPU. Routers have much weaker CPUs than desktop PCs
There's no direct equivalent for video streaming since these often use UDP instead of TCP, relatively high bandwidth, and most importantly have strong latency and stability requirements. SmallNetBuilder, like almost all consumer and SOHO reviewers, does not really do either type of these tests. SmallNetBuilder, unusually, does do Bufferbloat tests where a connection is saturated and ICMP ping latency tested at the same time. There have also been some latency testing of access points, but these are not displayed in the charts, rankers and finders, only in the articles.