Most repeaters are single radio - so they have to transmit, stop, listen, stop, and then transmit again.
all that stopping and starting - reduces the total bandwidth in half.
one way around this - simultaneous dual-band - where you have two radios - if properly designed and with the right clients - you can see full performance - for example - using 5 Ghz as a backhaul between the main AP and the "repeater", and using 2.4 Ghz to the clients that attach to the repeater (or vs. versa 2.4GHz backhaul to 5Ghz clients, but all clients must be 5Ghz).
there are many ways to skin this - this is one way, but it depends on what gear you have, and what the use-case is.
repeaters, even single radio/single band, have their uses - if you want to push the WLAN out for handsets, tablets, and light duty email/web - they can work - but for streaming a high-def video stream - not good - gaming and latency, not the best - there, either cable up to another AP, or home plug or other options...
sfx