Again you don't say much about what you did, and didn't.
I tried it right now in ssh, and umount worked, and after that mount already did not show the device as mounted, but still attempt to fsck says "device in use".
======================
ASUSWRT-Merlin RT-N66U_3.0.0.4 Sat Dec 27 18:19:35 UTC 2014
admin@HomeLan:/tmp/home/root# mount
rootfs on / type rootfs (rw)
/dev/root on / type squashfs (ro)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw)
devfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,noatime)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
/dev/mtdblock4 on /jffs type jffs2 (rw,noatime)
usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /tmp/mnt/sda1 type ext3 (rw,nodev,noatime,data=ordered)
admin@HomeLan:/tmp/home/root# umount /dev/sda1
admin@HomeLan:/tmp/home/root# mount
rootfs on / type rootfs (rw)
/dev/root on / type squashfs (ro)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw)
devfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,noatime)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
/dev/mtdblock4 on /jffs type jffs2 (rw,noatime)
usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw)
admin@HomeLan:/tmp/home/root# fsck.ext3 /dev/sda1
e2fsck 1.42.8 (20-Jun-2013)
/dev/sda1 is in use.
e2fsck: Cannot continue, aborting.
================
I was able to initiate manual scan by unplugging/replugging the disk; after which it became /dev/sdc1 (previously it was /dev/sda1), then issuing umount /dev/sdc1, and then fsck.ext3 /dev/sdc1 worked. Here's the log of all that:
Jan 19 20:19:47 dropbear[29566]: Child connection from 192.168.1.2:58043
Jan 19 20:19:54 dropbear[29566]: Password auth succeeded for 'admin' from 192.168.1.2:58043
Jan 19 20:20:57 rc_service: httpd 421:notify_rc start_diskscan
Jan 19 20:20:57 disk monitor: start...
Jan 19 20:20:57 disk monitor: done
Jan 19 20:21:07 disk monitor: be idle
Jan 19 20:26:43 rc_service: httpd 421:notify_rc start_autodet
Jan 19 20:26:43 kernel: autodet uses obsolete (PF_INET,SOCK_PACKET)
Jan 19 20:27:23 rc_service: httpd 421:notify_rc stop_nasapps
Jan 19 20:27:23 FTP Server: daemon is stopped
Jan 19 20:27:24 Samba Server: smb daemon is stopped
Jan 19 20:27:53 rc_service: httpd 421:notify_rc stop_nasapps
Jan 19 20:27:53 FTP Server: daemon is stopped
Jan 19 20:27:53 Samba Server: smb daemon is stopped
Jan 19 20:28:11 kernel: usb 1-1.2: USB disconnect, address 4
Jan 19 20:28:11 rc_service: hotplug 29649:notify_rc restart_nasapps
Jan 19 20:28:11 FTP Server: daemon is stopped
Jan 19 20:28:11 Samba Server: smb daemon is stopped
Jan 19 20:28:12 rc_service: hotplug 29653:notify_rc restart_nasapps
Jan 19 20:28:12 rc_service: waitting "restart_nasapps" via ...
Jan 19 20:28:12 Samba Server: daemon is started
Jan 19 20:28:13 FTP Server: daemon is stopped
Jan 19 20:28:14 kernel: usb 1-1.2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 6
Jan 19 20:28:14 kernel: usb 1-1.2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
Jan 19 20:28:14 kernel: scsi2 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
Jan 19 20:28:14 Samba Server: smb daemon is stopped
Jan 19 20:28:15 Samba Server: daemon is started
Jan 19 20:28:16 kernel: scsi 2:0:0:0: Direct-Access Seagate Expansion Desk 0712 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
Jan 19 20:28:19 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Spinning up disk......ready
Jan 19 20:28:19 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] 488378645 4096-byte hardware sectors (2000399 MB)
Jan 19 20:28:19 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off
Jan 19 20:28:19 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through
Jan 19 20:28:19 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] 488378645 4096-byte hardware sectors (2000399 MB)
Jan 19 20:28:19 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through
Jan 19 20:28:19 kernel: sdc: sdc1
Jan 19 20:28:19 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk
Jan 19 20:28:19 kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
Jan 19 20:28:19 kernel: EXT3-fs: starting recovery.
Jan 19 20:28:25 kernel: kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
Jan 19 20:28:25 kernel: EXT3 FS on sdc1, internal journal
Jan 19 20:28:25 kernel: EXT3-fs: recovery complete.
Jan 19 20:28:25 kernel: EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
Jan 19 20:28:25 hotplug[29714]: USB ext3 fs at /dev/sdc1 mounted on /tmp/mnt/sdc1
Jan 19 20:28:25 rc_service: hotplug 29714:notify_rc restart_nasapps
Jan 19 20:28:25 FTP Server: daemon is stopped
Jan 19 20:28:25 Samba Server: smb daemon is stopped
Jan 19 20:28:25 Samba Server: daemon is started
Jan 19 20:30:35 rc_service: httpd 421:notify_rc start_diskscan
Jan 19 20:30:35 disk monitor: start...
Jan 19 20:30:35 disk monitor: done
Jan 19 20:30:45 disk monitor: be idle
=========
This is all stable effects and already survived several router restarts. I recently changed filesystem from ntfs to ext3, and I think this was happening since then. NTFS it was able to handle.